Meeting with a nevera on the way to Venice, 21 August 2025

On our way to get kids and grand-kids on-board on 22 August, we moved to Venice on 20 August to make sure we are there when they arrive in due time because of weather forecast.

The 15 hours ride was planned during the night in order to land early morning in Venetia, ahead of some unstable weather anticipated...

Adriatic micro-scale drivers

In addition to synoptic scale situation modified by mesoscale contributions, sailors in the Adriatic should consider the micro-scale drivers that may affect their exposure to local weather conditions while in anchorage. 

Anchoring in Borovinje, in a cove supposed to be protected from Bora NE winds.   

These factors may result from the local geography resulting in very local anabatic and katabatic winds as already mentioned in mesoscale drivers. However, these mesoscale drivers may be expressed at very different scales at the local level, not always captured on the local weather forecast. 

Several effect are influencing these factors...

Synoptic drivers: cold fronts

A cold front is represented by a blue line with triangles oriented in the direction of the front movement. A cold front represents the leading edge of a cold air mass that pushes it way under a warmer, lighter air mass, forcing it to rise rapidly, as a bulldozer effect. This rising motion often creates towering clouds, showers, or thunderstorms, especially if the warm air is moist. As the front passes, there's typically a sudden drop in temperature, a sharp wind shift (often veering), and a quick rise in air pressure. Cold fronts usually move fast and bring abrupt, sometimes violent weather changes, making them especially important for sailors to anticipate. Wind can shift from SE (Jugo) to W or NW in Bora situations.

Example of a cold front moving over England and Britany on 14 July 2025

Synoptic drivers: warm fronts

A warm front is the leading edge of a warm, lighter air mass that slowly rises over a retreating cold air mass. Because the warm air ascends gradually, it forms layered clouds (starting with high cirrus and thickening to stratus), often bringing steady rain or drizzle over a long period. The approach of a warm front is marked by a slow drop in pressure, increasing humidity, and winds that back (e.g., from east to southeast). After the front passes, temperatures rise gently, the rain eases, and pressure stabilizes or rises slowly. Warm fronts usually move slowly and bring more subtle but prolonged weather changes than cold fronts.

Example of a warm front moving eastward across Ireland, https://meteo.hr/prognoze_e.php?section=prognoze_model&param=web_fronte_sutra12

When a warm front passes, the changes are more gradual and subtle than with a cold front, but they still can have a big impact on sailing... 

Mesoscale drivers, understanding regional weather drivers in the Northern Adriatic

When the synoptic map shows nothing special, the real action often comes from local and regional weather drivers.

In the Northern Adriatic, weather conditions are often influenced not just by global and synoptic patterns but by mesoscale drivers, regional-scale systems that operate over tens to hundreds of kilometres. These drivers can change wind strength and direction dramatically over just a few hours or even minutes, especially near coastlines and islands.

Understanding these mesoscale effects is essential for safe and comfortable sailing in this highly variable and geographically complex region.

40 knots bora katabatic wind in Senj, while only 10 knots in Mali-Lošinj, 

from Northeast over the Triest and Senj area on 9 June 2025.

Synoptic scale: understanding global weather drivers

Understanding weather begins at the global level, what meteorologists call the synoptic scale. The word "synoptic" comes from Greek and means "seen together" or "comprehensive." In meteorology, it refers to large-scale atmospheric patterns and interactions that influence the weather over wide areas.

Figure 1: synoptic chart over the Atlantic ocean and Europe, 6 August 2025

Synoptic scale level is the first level to consider when assessing weather before heading at sea. It gives an overview of the large scale drivers such as high and low pressure areas, front positions, clouds, winds, air and sea temperatures...

Adriatic weather forecast sites

This page is a compilation of links that I use to explore the weather situation in Northern Adriatic.